F7ABBFCH - Physical Chemistry

Physical and chemical properties of substances. Basic calculations. Principles and behavior of systems of

gases and liquids. Chemical bonds. Properties of solvents. Electrolytes. Dissociation of substances.

Phase equilibria, multiface systems. Behavior and properties of vapors, evaporation. Electrochemical

potential, electrodes. Electrodes of first and second kind. Referent and indication electrodes, electrodes

for EKG, EEG, EMG etc. Redox potential. Inert electrodes. Membranes - types, properties and

applications. Osmotic pressure. Ion selective electrodes. Acidity and basicity of solutions, pH. pH

measurement. Stability of materials, corrosion. Passivation and self-passivation. Electrolysis and

conductivity of solutions and its measurements. Polarography. Further methods of analysis of gases and

solutions in BME (Biomedical Engineering.) Optical absorption. Spectrophotometry. Fluorescence and

phosphorescence. Sensors for measuring of pH, pO2, pCO2, and SaO2 working on the basis of fibre optic

cables and absorption or fluorescence. Advanced analytical devices. Mass spectroscopy, nuclear

magnetic resonance, flame spectroscopy. Thermodynamics of reaction systems, basic calculations.

Conditions of assessment:

Successful passing of two assessment written tests (in sum from both assessment tests minimum 50% points must be achieved). Obligatory and active attendance of all tutorials. It is necessary to participate in all laboratory work. Absences are acceptable for serious reasons only and must be apologized and replaced. It is possible to replace just two sessions. Students have to come in time. It is necessary for each laboratory session to work out a report in corresponding quality and hand it over in due time. For the attendance at each lab session, the student has to pass an entrance test at least for 60 %.

More detailed information can be found in the document “Organization of tutorials in physical chemistry” see below.

Course and Examination conditions:

The exam consists of written and oral part. Written part is in the form of a test in which the students will answer questions. The number of questions is from 5 up to 15. Some questions may be of higher value in evaluation than others e.g. those which include numerical tasks or require a more complex approach for the solution. Classification will correspond to percentage achievement according to a valid classification scale. In case the written exam is sufficient for classification, the oral exam can be omitted. After oral exam, the final grade will be given as the average of oral and written exams. If the result of any part is evaluated F, the result of the exam is automatically F and the previous rule of calculation does not apply.

Student has to pass a written test comprising the topics discussed during the lectures and tutorials, including assigned individual study. The exam is graded according to the ECTS scale, to pass the exam, the test must be evaluated at least at 50 %.

More detailed information can be found in “Instructions for exam in physical chemistry”. See below.

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Objectives of the subject. Basic principles of physical chemistry. Physical and chemical properties of compounds.

2. Principles and properties of gaseous systems. Properties and structure, calculations of composition of gas mixtures, state equations and state processes.

3. Structure and properties of liquids. Solutions. Dissolving, solubility. Properties of solvents.. Viscosity, surface tension.

4. Dispersion systems, colloids - classification, ultrafiltration, dialysis, optical properties.

5. Phase equilibria, multicomponent systems. Behavior and properties of vapor, evaporation, saturated and overheated vapor. Principles of humidifiers and vaporizers of anesthetic substances, further applications in Biomedical engineering.

6. Dissociation of substances. Acidity and basicity of solutions. pH.

7. Elecrotolytes. Electrolysis. Conductivity of solutions and its measurement. Polarography.

8. Electrochemical potential, electrodes. Nernst equation. Electrodes of first kind. Electrochemical halfcell and cell, concentration cell. Application in BME (Biomedical engineering.)

9. Electrodes of second kind. Solubility product. Referent and indication electrodes of second type, electrodes for EKG, EEG, EMG etc.

10. Redox potential. Oxidation strength of media. Inert electrodes. Calculation of redox potential. Application in BME.

11. Membranes - types, properties and application. Osmotic pressure. Ion selective electrodes. pH measurement.

12. Optical properties of molecules. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. Optical absorption. Spectrophotometry. Application in BME.

13. Sensors for measurement of pH,po2, pco2 and so2, working on the basis of fibre optic cables and absorption and fluoresce. Application in BME

14. Stability of materials, corrosion. Anodic curves of metals, passivation and self-passivation. Oxidation properties of different media and their influence on the rate of corrosion.

1. Chemical laboratory - equipment and usage. Safety in the laboratory, safety procedures. Calculations of concentration and pH.

2. Calculations of pH.

3 .Calculations of electrode potentials, voltage of cells, conductivity.

4. .Calculations of electrode potentials, voltage of cells, conductivity.

5. Calculations of solubility, electrolysis.

6. Test I.

7. Measurement of electrode potential.

8. Measurement of Redox potential.

9. Measurement of pH.

10. Measurements of conductivity.

11. Measurement of ion selective electrode.

12. Measurements of electrode potential.

13. Test II.

14. Assessment

The aim of the subject is to provide basic principles of physical chemistry that are directly applied in construction of medical equipment in clinical research or directly in clinical practice. Application of theoretical principles in the practice is demonstrated.

[1] Atkins, P., Paula, J.: Atkins' Physical Chemistry. (Eighth Edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.

[2] Raff, M. L.: Principles of Physical Chemistry. (Paarts 1 and 2). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2001.

• Prospectus - bakalářský (!)
• Biomedical Technology (compulsory course)
• Biomedical Technology (compulsory course)