F7ABBEM - Electrical Measurements

Measuring of electric values, principles, using, and parameters. Analogue measuring converters. Electromechanical measuring devices. Current and potential measuring. Frequency and shift phase measuring. Electric work and electric power measuring: direct current, single-phase and three-phase current. Electrical resistance and impedance measuring. Magnetic measuring. Analogue scope. Digitalization, digital signal processing, signal reconstruction. Electronic measuring devices: multimeter, digital scope. Optoelectronic measuring device.

Course Credit Requirements:

One absence is allowed; in the case of long-term illness, a make-up session must be arranged with the lab instructor.

Keeping an A4-format laboratory diary to neatly document all lab assignments, which must be approved during the credit week.

Before the start of each lab assignment, every student must have a handwritten preparation for the given assignment in their lab diary. The preparation must include a theoretical introduction, a circuit/wiring diagram, and tables for recording measured data.

Upon the instructor's request, every student is obliged to present their lab diary at any time. The absence of homework preparation in the lab diary may be grounds for the instructor to dismiss the student from the lab.

A mid-semester test covering the material from previous lectures and labs will take place in the 7th week of the semester. A student can earn up to 15 points for the test, with the minimum threshold for obtaining credit set at 7.5 points. One question will be dedicated to determining measurement uncertainties. If this question is not answered satisfactorily, the student will have to retake the test. Only one retake attempt is allowed.

By the end of the 12th week of the semester, the student must submit one laboratory report in the required format. A student can earn up to 15 points for the report, with the minimum threshold for obtaining credit set at 7.5 points. In the case of late submission, the student can receive a maximum of 10 points for the report.

In addition to attendance and careful maintenance of the diary, obtaining at least half of the maximum points from both graded parts (i.e., the report and the mid-semester test) is a condition for obtaining the course credit.

Exam Requirements:

The exam consists of a 45-minute written part, followed by an oral part. The content of the exam covers the lectures, including related chapters in the recommended literature, the content of the labs, and assigned independent study. The use of literature or notes, as well as leaving the room during the exam, is strictly prohibited.

Distribution of Points for the Final Grade:

Laboratory Report: Maximum of 15 points

Mid-semester Test: Maximum of 15 points

Final Exam: The maximum number of points from the written and oral parts is 35 points each (up to 70 points in total).

The total score from all sections (maximum 100 points) is converted to a final grade according to the ECTS scale.

1. Introduction to measurements, metrological properties of measuring insturments. Electromechanical measuring instruments.

2. Measurement error and uncertianity.

3. Measurement of direct current and voltage - standards, selection of measuring instrument and connection into circuits, selection of measuring ranges.

4. Measurements of alternating currents and voltages - standards, selection of measuring instrument and connection into circuits, selection of measuring ranges.

5. Power and energy measurements of direct current, single-phase and three-phase alternating current - measuring techniques and instruments.

6. Measurements of electric resistance using direct current.

7. Frequency and phase shift measurements.

8. Magnetic measurements.

9. Measurements of electric impedances, theory of bridge circuits.

10. Analog measuring converters - operational amplifiers, measuring amplifiers, measuring rectifiers.

11. Basic electronic measuring instruments - digital multimeters, connections of operational amplifiers.

12. Digitalization, digital signal processing and reconstruction of measured signal - signal sampling and samplers, A/D and D/A converters.

13. Multimeters. Analog and digital osciloscopes.

14. Measurement systems - categories, structures, standardized busses. LabVIEW. Exam topics and exampels.

1. Introduction, safety regulations for work in the electro laboratory, laboratory regulations, introduction of measuring devices e.g. power sources, multimeters, oscilloscopes, generators.

2. Simple connections and settings of measuring instruments for practical illustration of Kirchhoff's laws, Ohm's law and linearity of resistances and nonlinearity of diodes.

3. Measurement uncertainties - examples with respect to available measuring instruments.

4. Measurement of direct and alternating currents and voltages, digital multimeter.

5. Measurement of resistances: substitution method, ohm method for small and large resistances.

6. Power measurement for DC and AC quantities.

7. Digital Oscilloscopes: frequency and phase shift measurement.

8. Measurement of resistance and impedances. Measuring bridges, LC meter, equivalent circuit models.

9. Impedance measurement. Serial RLC circuit.

10. Sampling circuit: measuring the influence of the main capacitance on the parameters of the sampled signal.

11. Automated measurements, measuring systems, LabView: applications in biomedical tasks.

12. Measurement of electrical characteristics of multi-ports.

13. Measurement of VA characteristics of semiconductors.

14. RC cells, measurement of frequency amplitude and phase characteristics.

The aim of teaching the subject of electrical measurements at FBMI is to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills of measuring electrical quantities and to understand the principles and properties of the most used measuring instruments. The course is aimed at acquiring practical skills for users of measuring instruments and systems, not for their designers. Therefore, the theoretical part devoted to measuring instruments is limited to the most necessary passages needed to understand the principle and function that are necessary for the correct choice of measuring instruments with respect to the required measurement accuracy.

[1] Haasz, Sedláček: Electrical Measurements. 1. vydání. Praha: ČVUT,

2006.

[2] Sedláček, Haasz: Uncertainties in Electrical Measurement. 1. vydání. Praha: ČVUT, 2004.

[3] VRBA, J. Specific guidelines for the development of laboratory protocols for electrical engineering subjects [online]. Czech Republic, Kladno, CTU in Prague [cit. 2019-02-05] Last modification[18-02-2019]. Available at: https://predmety.fbmi.cvut.cz/cs/F7abbem

[4] VRBA, J. Sample protocol for the subject Electrical Measurements 17ABBEM [online]. Czech Republic, Kladno, CTU in Prague [cit. 2019-02-05] Last modification[18-02-2019].. Available at: https://predmety.fbmi.cvut.cz/cs/F7abbem

• Prospectus - bakalářský (!)
• Biomedical Technology (compulsory course)
• Biomedical Technology (compulsory course)