17ABBAF2 - Anatomy and Physiology II

Anatomy and physiology II links to Anatomy and Physiology I. The subject covers functional aspects of particular organs and their systems.

Assessment requiremement:

1. To attend practical classes (absences are acceptable for serious reasons only and must be apologized and recompensed). To be active on classes.

2. To come in time. Delay longer than 15 min may be define as absence.

3. Supervisor may control preparedness of student by tests, discussion, presence of home task. Tests from practical classes must be on level at least 50 %.

4. To have protocols from practical classes.

5. To defend an oral presentation (list of topics will be given by supervisor; presentation for 10 min, don´t read, but tell and do not use piece of text from book and internet).

Exam requiremement:

1. To have the assessment.

2. The exam: test (20 questions, quantity of right questions - at least at 50 %) + oral exam (10 questions at least at 50 %). Total mark is average mark of test mark and oral exam mark.

1 - Blood (the general characteristics of the blood and its major functions, the formed elements of the blood, the life cycle of a red blood cell, control of red blood cell production, the five types of white blood cells and the function(s) of each type, the major components of blood plasma and the functions of each, hemostasis, the major steps in hemostasis, coagulation, the basis for blood typing, blood reactions between fetal and maternal tissues).

2 - Lymphatic system and immunity (the general functions of the lymphatic system, the locations of the major lymphatic pathways, formation of tissue fluid and lymph, the function of lymph, a lymph node and its major functions, the location of the major chains of lymph nodes, the functions of the thymus and spleen).

3 - Lymphatic system and immunity (specific and nonspecific defenses and examples of each, two major types of lymphocytes, the major types of immunoglobulins, primary and secondary immune responses, active and passive immunity, allergic reactions, tissue rejection reactions, and autoimmunity, life-span changes in immunity).

4 - Endocrine system (endocrine and exocrine glands, classification of hormons, targeting of steroid and nonsteroid hormones, negative feedback mechanisms of regulation of hormonal secretion, control of hormonal secretion by nerve system, the locations of the major endocrine glands, and list of hormones they secrete, the general functions of the various hormones, physical and psychological stress, the general stress response, the changes associated with aging of the endocrine system).

5 - Urinary system (organs of the urinary system and their general functions, locations of the kidneys and their structure, functions of the kidneys, nephron and functions of its major parts, glomerular filtrate, urine formation, structure of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, micturition, urinary system changes with age).

6 - Reproductive system (general functions of the male reproductive system, parts of the male reproductive system, process of meiosis, process of spermatogenesis, male hormones, female reproductive system, parts of the female reproductive system, process of oogenesis, female hormones).

7 - Reproductive system and human growth and development (menstrual cycle, pregnancy, birth process, growth and development, primary germ layers, formation and function of the placenta, fetus, newborn, development between the neonatal period and death).

8 - Nervous system I. Basic structure and function (the general functions of the nervous system, the general structure of a neuron, classification of neurons, four types of neuroglial cells and the functions of each, regeneration of injured nerve fiber, action potencial, the conduction of a nerve impulse, transmittion of nerve impulse, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials).

9 - Nervous system II. Divisions of the nervous system (the coverings of the brain and spinal cord, the formation and function of cerebrospinal fluid, the structure of the spinal cord and its major functions, a reflex arc, reflex behavior, the major parts of the brain and the functions of each, motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex, hemisphere dominance, the stages in memory storage, the functions of the limbic system and the reticular formation, the major parts of the peripheral nervous system, the structure of a peripheral nerve, the cranial nerves and list their major functions, spinal nerves and their functions, the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system).

10 - Somatic and special senses (five kinds of receptors and the function of each, receptors, sensation, somatic and special senses, the receptors associated with the senses of touch and pressure, temperature, and pain, stretch receptors in muscles and tendons, the relationship between the senses of smell and taste, the parts of the ear, the eye and the function of each part, static and dynamic equilibrium). Skin.

11* - Genetics and genomics (genes and chromosomes, genome, inheritance, traits, abnormalities, gene therapy)

12* - Chemical Basis of Life

13* - Cellular metabolism

14 - Consultation, test

1 - Blood (the general characteristics of the blood and its major functions, the formed elements of the blood, the life cycle of a red blood cell, control of red blood cell production, the five types of white blood cells and the function(s) of each type, the major components of blood plasma and the functions of each, hemostasis, the major steps in hemostasis, coagulation, the basis for blood typing, blood reactions between fetal and maternal tissues).

2 - Lymphatic system and immunity (the general functions of the lymphatic system, the locations of the major lymphatic pathways, formation of tissue fluid and lymph, the function of lymph, a lymph node and its major functions, the location of the major chains of lymph nodes, the functions of the thymus and spleen).

3 - Lymphatic system and immunity (specific and nonspecific defenses and examples of each, two major types of lymphocytes, the major types of immunoglobulins, primary and secondary immune responses, active and passive immunity, allergic reactions, tissue rejection reactions, and autoimmunity, life-span changes in immunity).

4 - Endocrine system (endocrine and exocrine glands, classification of hormons, targeting of steroid and nonsteroid hormones, negative feedback mechanisms of regulation of hormonal secretion, control of hormonal secretion by nerve system, the locations of the major endocrine glands, and list of hormones they secrete, the general functions of the various hormones, physical and psychological stress, the general stress response, the changes associated with aging of the endocrine system).

5 - Urinary system (organs of the urinary system and their general functions, locations of the kidneys and their structure, functions of the kidneys, nephron and functions of its major parts, glomerular filtrate, urine formation, structure of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, micturition, urinary system changes with age).

6 - Reproductive system (general functions of the male reproductive system, parts of the male reproductive system, process of meiosis, process of spermatogenesis, male hormones, female reproductive system, parts of the female reproductive system, process of oogenesis, female hormones).

7 - Reproductive system and human growth and development (menstrual cycle, pregnancy, birth process, growth and development, primary germ layers, formation and function of the placenta, fetus, newborn, development between the neonatal period and death).

8 - Nervous system I. Basic structure and function (the general functions of the nervous system, the general structure of a neuron, classification of neurons, four types of neuroglial cells and the functions of each, regeneration of injured nerve fiber, action potencial, the conduction of a nerve impulse, transmittion of nerve impulse, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials).

9 - Nervous system II. Divisions of the nervous system (the coverings of the brain and spinal cord, the formation and function of cerebrospinal fluid, the structure of the spinal cord and its major functions, a reflex arc, reflex behavior, the major parts of the brain and the functions of each, motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex, hemisphere dominance, the stages in memory storage, the functions of the limbic system and the reticular formation, the major parts of the peripheral nervous system, the structure of a peripheral nerve, the cranial nerves and list their major functions, spinal nerves and their functions, the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system).

10 - Somatic and special senses (five kinds of receptors and the function of each, receptors, sensation, somatic and special senses, the receptors associated with the senses of touch and pressure, temperature, and pain, stretch receptors in muscles and tendons, the relationship between the senses of smell and taste, the parts of the ear, the eye and the function of each part, static and dynamic equilibrium). Skin.

11* - Genetics and genomics (genes and chromosomes, genome, inheritance, traits, abnormalities, gene therapy)

12* - Chemical Basis of Life

13* - Cellular metabolism

14 - Consultation, test

Anatomy - to get a review of the structure and composition of the human body. Physiology - to ge understanding of the functioning of living matter based on the description of living cell and the exchange of chemicals, energy and information with the environment.

1. Shier, Butler, Lewis. Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw HIll, 2012. 13. ed. ISBN 978-1259169625.

2. Silbernagel S., Despopoulos A.: Color atlas of physiology, Thieme 2015.

3. Silbernagel S., Lang F.: Color atlas of pathophysiology, Thieme 2016.

• Biomedical Technician - full time study in English (compulsory course)